Santhali

Population	5,959,000 in India (1997). Population total all countries: 6,156,260.
Region	Assam; Bihar; Orissa; Tripura; West Bengal; Mizoram. Also spoken in Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal.
Alternate names	Hor, Har, Satar, Santhali, Sandal, Sangtal, Santal, Sentali, Samtali, Santhiali, Sonthal
Dialects	Karmali (Khole), Kamari-Santali, Lohari-Santali, Manjhi, Paharia, Mahali (Mahili, Mahli). Close to Ho and Mundari.
Classification	Austro-Asiatic, Munda, North Munda, Kherwari, Santali
Language use	Official language.
Language development	Literacy rate in first language: 10% to 30%. Literacy rate in second language: 25% to 50%. Taught in primary schools. Roman and Oriya scripts; Roman script in Bangladesh. Magazines. Dictionary. Grammar. Bible: 1914–2001.
Comments	Santali is a Scheduled Tribe in India. Agriculturalists; laborers. Hindu, traditional religion, Christian.

Language name	Santali
Population	157,000 in Bangladesh (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk). Ethnic population: 42,698.
Alternate names	Hor, Satar, Santhali, Sandal, Sangtal, Santal, Har, Sonthal
Dialects	Karmali (Khole), Kamari-Santali, Lohari-Santali, Paharia, Mahali (Mahle) Manjhi.
Language use	Positive language attitude.
Language development	Literacy rate in first language: 50%.

Language name	Santali
Population	40,260 in Nepal (2001 census). Ethnic population: 42,698.
Region	Koshi Zone, Morang District; Mechi Zone, Jhapa District.
Alternate names	Satar, Santhali, Santhal, Sonthal, Sandal, Sangtal, Santal, Sentali, Sainti, Hor, Har
Language use	1,339 second-language Satar speakers and 559 second-language Santhal speakers (1991 census). Some bilingualism in Maithili and Nepali.
Language development	Literacy rate in first language: Few. Literacy rate in second language: Few.
Comments	Recognized as an official nationality by the Government of Nepal. Hunter-gatherers; agriculturalists. Hindu, Christian.

Nathaniel Kisku